Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
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supplementary bench mark - translation to russian
![C&GS]] benchmark disk in the [[United States]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USCGS-E134.jpg?width=200 "C&GS]] benchmark disk in the [[United States]]")
![Bench mark at Saint Goussaud, Limousin, France, by [[Institut Géographique National]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bench mark at Saint Goussaud, Limousin, France, by Institut Geographique National.jpg?width=200 "Bench mark at Saint Goussaud, Limousin, France, by [[Institut Géographique National]]")
![City of [[Toronto]] benchmark disk in [[Canada]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Torontobenchmark.jpg?width=200 "City of [[Toronto]] benchmark disk in [[Canada]]")
![Benchmark disk in [[Ottawa]], Ontario, Canada](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Point Géodesique no. 2378, Terres et Forêts Québec (cropped).jpg?width=200 "Benchmark disk in [[Ottawa]], Ontario, Canada")
![Vial Moll de Bosch i Alsina, near Port de Barcelona building, & pedestrian crossing [[Barcelona]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Barcdock1.jpg?width=200 "Vial Moll de Bosch i Alsina, near Port de Barcelona building, & pedestrian crossing [[Barcelona]]")
![point from which distances from London are calculated]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Charing Cross benchmark.jpg?width=200 "point from which distances from London are calculated]]")
строительное дело
временный репер
Definition
Wikipedia
The term benchmark, bench mark, or survey benchmark originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle-iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future. These marks were usually indicated with a chiseled arrow below the horizontal line.
The term is generally applied to any item used to mark a point as an elevation reference. Frequently, bronze or aluminum disks are set in stone or concrete, or on rods driven deeply into the earth to provide a stable elevation point. If an elevation is marked on a map, but there is no physical mark on the ground, it is a spot height.
